tter are different in genus); and things which belong to different categories of being (for some of the things that are said to ‘be’ signify essence, others a quality,Laurie Boschman Tröjor, others the other categories we have before distinguished); these also are not analysed either into one another or into some one thing.
Book V Chapter 29
‘The false’ means (1) that which is false as a thing, and that (a) because it is not put together or cannot be put together, e.g. ‘that the diagonal of a square is commensurate with the side’ or ‘that you are sitting’; for one of these is false always, and the other sometimes; it is in these two senses that they are non-existent. (b) There are things which exist, but whose nature it is to appear either not to be such as they are or to be things that do not exist,Belstaff 2013 Ny Jackor, e.g. a sketch or a dream; for these are something, but are not the things the appearance of which they produce in us. We call things false in this way, then,Claude Giroux Tröjor,-either because they themselves do not exist,Evgenii Dadonov Tröjor, or because the appearance which results from them is that of something that does not exist.
(2) A false account is the account of non-existent objects, in so far as it is false. Hence every account is false when applied to something other than that of which it is true; e.g. the account of a circle is false when applied to a triangle. In a sense there is one account of each thing, i.e. the account of its essence,Ralph Lauren Strip Polo, but in a sense there are many, since the thing itself and the thing itself with an attribute are in a sense the same,Rickard Rakell Tröjor, e.g. Socrates and musical Socrates (a false account is not the account of anything, except in a qualified sense). Hence Antisthenes was too simple-minded when he claimed that nothing could be described except by the account proper to it,Graham Knott Tröjor,-one predicate to one subject; from which the conclusion used to be drawn that there could be no contradiction,Dame Moncler Cheverny, and almost that there could be no error. But it is possible to describe each thing not only by the account of itself,Dame Moncler Safran, but also by that of something else. This may be done altogether falsely indeed,CG Menn Banff Parka, but there is also a way in which it may be done truly; e.g. eight may be described as a double number by the use of the definition of two.
These things, then, are called false in these senses, but (3) a false man is one who is ready at and fond of such accounts,Trevor Lewis Tröjor, not for any other reason but for their own sake, and one who is good at impressing such accounts on other people, just as we say things are which produce a false appearance. This is why the proof in the Hippias that the same man is false and true is misleading. For it assumes that he is false who can deceive (i.e. the man who knows and is wise); and further that he who is willingly bad is better. This is a false result of induction-for a man who limps willingly is better than one who does so unwillingly-by ‘limping’ Plato means ‘mimicking a limp’, for if the man were lame willingly,Menn Moncler Ghislain, he would presumably be worse in this case as in the corresponding case of moral character.
Book V Chapter 30
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