is which is in this sense.
Book VII Chapter 2
Substance is thought to belong most obviously to bodies; and so we say that not only animals and plants and their parts are substances, but also natural bodies such as fire and water and earth and everything of the sort, and all things that are either parts of these or composed of these (either of parts or of the whole bodies),Air Jordan Retro 4 Męskie, e.g. the physical universe and its parts, stars and moon and sun. But whether these alone are substances, or there are also others, or only some of these, or others as well, or none of these but only some other things,Mężczyźni Barbour A7 Brass Kurtka, are substances, must be considered. Some think the limits of body, i.e. surface, line, point, and unit, are substances, and more so than body or the solid.
Further,Chaussures Adidas Ultra Boost X Homme, some do not think there is anything substantial besides sensible things, but others think there are eternal substances which are more in number and more real; e.g. Plato posited two kinds of substance-the Forms and objects of mathematics-as well as a third kind, viz. the substance of sensible bodies. And Speusippus made still more kinds of substance, beginning with the One, and assuming principles for each kind of substance, one for numbers, another for spatial magnitudes,Dame Moncler Lans Norge Salg, and then another for the soul; and by going on in this way he multiplies the kinds of substance. And some say Forms and numbers have the same nature, and the other things come after them-lines and planes-until we come to the substance of the material universe and to sensible bodies.
Regarding these matters, then, we must inquire which of the common statements are right and which are not right, and what substances there are,CG Dame Palliser Parka, and whether there are or are not any besides sensible substances,Chaussures New Balance 990, and how sensible substances exist,Belstaff Racemaster Blouson Kurtki, and whether there is a substance capable of separate existence (and if so why and how) or no such substance, apart from sensible substances; and we must first sketch the nature of substance.
Book VII Chapter 3
The word ‘substance’ is applied, if not in more senses, still at least to four main objects; for both the essence and the universal and the genus, are thought to be the substance of each thing, and fourthly the substratum. Now the substratum is that of which everything else is predicated,Chaussures New Balance 580, while it is itself not predicated of anything else. And so we must first determine the nature of this; for that which underlies a thing primarily is thought to be in the truest sense its substance. And in one sense matter is said to be of the nature of substratum, in another,Mężczyźni Barbour Cranwell Kurtka, shape, and in a third, the compound of these. (By the matter I mean, for instance,Canada Goose Chateau Parka, the bronze, by the shape the pattern of its form, and by the compound of these the statue,Miehet Cg Hybridge Jacket Suomi, the concrete whole.) Therefore if the form is prior to the matter and more real, it will be prior also to the compound of both, for the same reason.
We have now outlined the nature of substance, showing that it is that which is not predicated of a stratum,Maillot Lucas Pas Cher, but of which all else is predicated. But we must not merely state the matter thu
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